Norepinephrine (noradrenaline) is a chemical that acts as both a hormone and a neurotransmitter in the body. It plays a crucial role in the fight-or-flight response by increasing alertness, arousal, and reaction time. Noradrenaline also aids in mood regulation and helps maintain blood pressure by constricting blood vessels.

Epinephrine (adrenaline) is a hormone and neurotransmitter released by the adrenal glands. It plays a vital role in the body's fight-or-flight response, preparing the body for quick action during stressful situations. Adrenaline increases heart rate, opens airways, and boosts energy availability, supporting rapid and effective survival reactions.

Neisseria gonorrhoeae is the bacterium that causes gonorrhea, a sexually transmitted infection that can affect the mucous membranes of the genital tract, urinary tract, rectum or throat. It may cause symptoms such as abnormal discharge, burning when urinating or lower abdominal pain, but it can also be present without noticeable symptoms.

Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae. It can affect the urethra, rectum, and throat, and in women, it may also infect the cervix. Most common among people aged 15–24, gonorrhea can cause serious health complications if left untreated.

Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) IgM antibodies are immune proteins that may develop as part of the body’s immune response to herpes simplex virus, including HSV-1 and/or HSV-2. IgM antibodies are sometimes associated with a recent immune response, but they can be difficult to interpret and may also appear during recurrent infections. A positive result does not confirm an active infection and does not distinguish between HSV-1 and HSV-2.

Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) IgG antibodies are immune proteins that may develop after exposure to herpes simplex virus, including HSV-1 and/or HSV-2. IgG antibodies usually appear later than IgM antibodies and can remain detectable in the body for a long time. A positive result may indicate previous exposure to HSV, but this marker does not show whether the infection is active or distinguish between HSV-1 and HSV-2.

Dust mite allergen, which is a common indoor allergen causing respiratory issues and skin reactions.

Hydroxymethylglutarate (HMG), particularly as β-hydroxy β-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA), is a compound that serves two essential functions in the body. It is a crucial intermediate in cholesterol synthesis, which is necessary for producing cell membranes, steroid hormones, and bile acids. Moreover, in the liver, HMG-CoA plays a role in the production of ketone bodies, which act as an alternative energy source during fasting, low-carb diets, or intense exercise when glucose levels are low.

Vitamin E is a fat-soluble antioxidant that helps protect cells from damage and supports immune function. It also plays a key role in maintaining healthy skin and blood vessels. Vitamin E is commonly found in foods such as vegetable oils, nuts, seeds, and green leafy vegetables. Although deficiency is uncommon, it can lead to neurological problems.

Glutamate is a key excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain that plays a vital role in cognitive processes such as learning and memory. It is essential for brain development and synaptic plasticity. However, excessive glutamate levels can cause neuronal overstimulation, leading to potential neurotoxicity. This balance makes glutamate critical for normal brain function while also linking it to various neurological disorders.

Edam cheese intolerance is a condition characterized by difficulty digesting Edam cheese, a semi-hard cheese known for its mild and nutty flavor. Unlike an Edam cheese allergy, which involves the immune system and can cause severe reactions, intolerance mainly leads to digestive discomfort. People with Edam cheese intolerance often experience symptoms such as stomach pain, bloating, or nausea after consuming Edam cheese or products containing it.

Lactose intolerance is a digestive condition caused by low levels of lactase, the enzyme required to break down lactose — the sugar found in milk and dairy products. This deficiency can cause symptoms such as bloating, gas, and abdominal discomfort after consuming foods that contain lactose.

Green tea intolerance is a condition that describes an individual’s difficulty digesting green tea, a popular beverage known for its health benefits and antioxidant properties. Unlike a green tea allergy, which triggers an immune reaction and more severe symptoms, green tea intolerance primarily causes digestive discomfort and gastrointestinal issues after drinking it.